Every death scene presents unique circumstances, and procedures may vary accordingly. However, there are seven core components that are typically addressed during a scene investigation:
- MDI Introduction and Role Clarification
The Medicolegal Death Investigator (MDI) begins by coordinating with agency representatives to ensure scene safety and proper command structure before entry. Upon arrival, the MDI should first identify the lead law enforcement official at the scene and present official credentials. It is also important to determine who else is present—including other officials, family members, or bystanders—and clearly explain the role and responsibilities of the MDI. Additionally, the MDI must identify and document the first responding official to evaluate whether any scene disturbances occurred or if any items may have been removed prior to the MDI’s arrival. - Scene Safety and Security
Upon arrival at the death scene, the Medicolegal Death Investigator (MDI) must prioritize environmental and physical safety before initiating any investigative procedures. The MDI should park the vehicle in a location that does not obstruct access to the scene. Identifying the incident command is essential to assess or establish appropriate scene boundaries. It is also important to log all entries and exits with the designated scene security personnel to maintain an accurate record of scene access.If a transport vehicle is anticipated, the MDI should arrange for designated parking to facilitate efficient operations. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory when appropriate to protect against potential hazards. In cases where animals are present, coordination with the appropriate agency is necessary to ensure their removal or secure containment. Before entering the scene, the MDI must obtain authorization from the individual responsible for scene security.To preserve the integrity of the scene, the MDI must implement measures to prevent contamination or loss of evidence due to human activity, animals, or environmental factors. All actions taken to protect the scene and evidence should be thoroughly documented. In situations where hazards are present, it may be necessary to remove the body prior to continuing the investigation to ensure the safety of all personnel involved. - Confirm or Pronounce Death
Before an investigation can begin, a formal determination of death must be made, as this step establishes medicolegal jurisdiction. The MDI should locate, view, and examine the body, carefully assessing for signs of life such as pulse, respiration, and reflexes. It is essential to identify and document the individual who made the official pronouncement of death, including the date, time, and location of that determination. The MDI must also ensure that the death has been formally confirmed before proceeding with any investigative responsibilities. - Participate in Scene Briefing
Effective collaboration among involved agencies is critical for defining responsibilities and planning the scope of the investigation. The MDI should begin by identifying the operational zones within the scene and documenting the precise location of the incident. It is important to review preliminary investigative details in order to establish the scope and direction of the investigation. The MDI should also confirm or update any initial information gathered at the scene. Additionally, there should be a discussion regarding the appropriate use of audio and video recording devices during the investigative process to ensure all documentation aligns with legal and procedural standards. - Conduct a Scene Walkthrough
A scene walkthrough provides the MDI with an initial overview of the environment and is essential for identifying potential evidence and reassessing safety concerns. Working in coordination with law enforcement, the MDI should evaluate the established perimeter and make modifications if necessary. Clear entry and exit pathways should be determined to prevent unnecessary disturbance. Any transient evidence—items that may degrade, move, or disappear—must be identified, promptly documented, photographed, and collected. Additionally, the MDI should locate and observe the body as part of this initial assessment. This walkthrough is a critical step in preserving the integrity of evidence and minimizing disruption to the scene. - Establish Chain of Custody
Maintaining an unbroken chain of custody is essential to ensure the integrity of evidence and to protect against any claims of tampering, contamination, or loss. Upon arrival, the MDI should document both the time of arrival and the precise location of the scene. It is important to identify the individuals or agencies responsible for the custody of evidence, including which agency is tasked with collecting specific types of items. All evidence must be appropriately secured, labeled, and preserved using proper containers and methods. Additionally, detailed records should be kept regarding the collection of evidence, noting the exact location, time, and disposition of each item. When applicable, the MDI should also inventory and document any personal effects found at the scene. - Comply with Legal and Statutory Requirements
The MDI must operate under the appropriate legal authority while recognizing and respecting the statutory responsibilities of other involved agencies. This includes reviewing and adhering to all applicable local, state, federal, and, when relevant, international laws. The MDI should ensure that their procedures do not interfere with the legal duties of other agencies at the scene. It is also essential to align foundational expectations related to notifications, scene response, evidence collection, and body transport. Additionally, the MDI must evaluate whether a search warrant is necessary and understand how its presence or absence may affect scene protocols and access. Adhering to these legal and procedural requirements ensures compliance with governing laws, maintains the admissibility of evidence in court, and supports the integrity of agency operations.
